Recently, significant advancements have been made in stem cell treatment for diabetes. This year, Vertex released clinical data on its continuing stem cell therapy for diabetes treatment. Two patients with type I diabetes, who underwent stem cell therapy for over a year, no longer require insulin injections, and have shown remarkable improvements in their diabetes-related symptoms and biochemical indicators. Today, we will discuss the effectiveness and obstacles of stem cell treatment for diabetes based on literature reports, aiming to enhance everyone’s understanding of this innovative approach.